Supply chain finance vs Factoring

Supply chain finance vs factoring

Supply chain finance is arranged by a buyer to let its suppliers get paid early against approved invoices, usually at a lower cost than the supplier could arrange alone. Factoring is arranged by the seller directly, advancing cash against its own sales ledger regardless of what the buyer does.

Side by side

CriterionSupply chain financeFactoring
Who arranges itThe buyer, on behalf of its suppliersThe seller, for its own invoices
Pricing basisBased on the buyer's credit ratingBased on the seller's credit rating
Who it benefits mostSuppliers to large, well-rated buyersBusinesses of any size selling to varied customers
CollectionsBuyer pays the funder directly at maturityFunder collects from the seller's customers
Typical costOften lower, reflecting buyer's stronger creditReflects the seller's own credit profile
ControlBuyer decides which invoices are eligibleSeller decides which invoices to fund

Two different starting points

Supply chain finance starts with a large buyer wanting to support its supplier base, or extend its own payment terms, without damaging suppliers' cash flow. Because pricing is based on the buyer's credit rating rather than the supplier's, smaller suppliers can often access cheaper funding than they could arrange independently.

Factoring starts with the seller and is entirely within its control, funding whichever invoices it chooses to put forward, regardless of whether the buyer participates in any scheme.

Who tends to use each

Supply chain finance is most common where a large buyer, often in retail, manufacturing or construction, runs a programme that suppliers can opt into. It suits suppliers with concentrated sales to a small number of large customers.

Factoring is more universal and does not depend on any customer's participation, making it suitable for businesses with a broader, more varied customer base or those selling to buyers who do not offer such a scheme.

Practical considerations

A supplier can potentially use both, taking supply chain finance where their largest customer offers it and factoring for the rest of their ledger, though most funders will want visibility of the full picture to avoid double funding the same invoices.

The short answer

Use supply chain finance where your key customer offers a programme and you want cheaper, buyer-rated pricing; use factoring where you need control over your whole ledger regardless of customer participation.

Questions

Can a small supplier access supply chain finance?

Yes, provided the buyer runs a programme and has approved that supplier's invoices, smaller suppliers are often the biggest beneficiaries.

Is supply chain finance the same as factoring?

No, the mechanics can look similar but the arrangement is initiated by the buyer and priced on the buyer's credit, not the supplier's.

Can both be used on the same invoice?

No, an invoice can generally only be funded once, so businesses using both need to keep clear records of which facility covers which invoices.

Not sure which route fits? Describe the requirement once and we will structure it and approach the providers whose criteria match. No upfront fees — charges are due only once funding is in place.

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